In this tutorial, we’ll build a simple C++ application for managing employment details. We’ll create classes for employees, managers, and departments, and explain each step with comments for beginners to understand.
1. Employee Class
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
// Employee class represents individual employees in the organization
class Employee {
private:
int id; // Unique identifier for each employee
string name; // Name of the employee
double salary; // Salary of the employee
public:
// Constructor
Employee(int id, string name, double salary) {
this->id = id;
this->name = name;
this->salary = salary;
}
// Getters and Setters
int getId() {
return id;
}
void setId(int id) {
this->id = id;
}
string getName() {
return name;
}
void setName(string name) {
this->name = name;
}
double getSalary() {
return salary;
}
void setSalary(double salary) {
this->salary = salary;
}
// Method to display employee details
void displayDetails() {
cout << "Employee ID: " << id << endl;
cout << "Name: " << name << endl;
cout << "Salary: " << salary << endl;
}
};
Explanation:
- The
Employeeclass represents individual employees in the organization. - It has three private attributes:
id,name, andsalaryto store employee information. - The constructor initializes these attributes when a new employee object is created.
- Getter and setter methods are provided to access and modify the attributes.
- The
displayDetailsmethod prints the employee’s ID, name, and salary to the console.
2. Manager Class
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "Employee.h" // Include the header file for the Employee class
using namespace std;
// Manager class represents managers in the organization
class Manager : public Employee {
private:
string department; // Department managed by the manager
public:
// Constructor
Manager(int id, string name, double salary, string department) : Employee(id, name, salary) {
this->department = department;
}
// Getter and Setter for department
string getDepartment() {
return department;
}
void setDepartment(string department) {
this->department = department;
}
// Overriding displayDetails method to include department
void displayDetails() {
Employee::displayDetails(); // Call the displayDetails method of the base class
cout << "Department: " << department << endl;
}
};
Explanation:
- The
Managerclass represents managers in the organization and inherits from theEmployeeclass. - It adds an additional private attribute
departmentto store the department managed by the manager. - The constructor initializes all attributes, including those inherited from the
Employeeclass. - Getter and setter methods are provided for the
departmentattribute. - The
displayDetailsmethod overrides the method in the base class to include the department information when displaying manager details.
3. Department Class
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include "Employee.h" // Include the header file for the Employee class
using namespace std;
// Department class represents departments in the organization
class Department {
private:
string name; // Name of the department
vector<Employee*> employees; // Vector to store pointers to employees in the department
public:
// Constructor
Department(string name) {
this->name = name;
}
// Getter and Setter for name
string getName() {
return name;
}
void setName(string name) {
this->name = name;
}
// Method to add an employee to the department
void addEmployee(Employee* employee) {
employees.push_back(employee);
}
// Method to display department details
void displayDetails() {
cout << "Department Name: " << name << endl;
cout << "Employees:" << endl;
for (Employee* emp : employees) {
emp->displayDetails();
}
}
};
Explanation:
- The
Departmentclass represents departments in the organization. - It has two private attributes:
nameto store the department name andemployeesto store pointers toEmployeeobjects in the department. - The constructor initializes the department name.
- Getter and setter methods are provided for the
nameattribute. - The
addEmployeemethod adds an employee to the department’s list of employees by storing a pointer to the employee. - The
displayDetailsmethod prints the department name and the details of all employees in the department by iterating through the vector of employee pointers.
