In this tutorial, we’ll build a simple Python application for managing employment details. We’ll create classes for employees, managers, and departments, and explain each step with comments for beginners to understand.
1. Employee Class
class Employee:
"""
The Employee class represents individual employees in the organization.
"""
def __init__(self, id, name, salary):
"""
Constructor to initialize employee attributes.
"""
self.id = id # Unique identifier for each employee
self.name = name # Name of the employee
self.salary = salary # Salary of the employee
def display_details(self):
"""
Method to display employee details.
"""
print("Employee ID:", self.id)
print("Name:", self.name)
print("Salary:", self.salary)
Explanation:
- The
Employeeclass represents individual employees in the organization. - It contains attributes such as
id,name, andsalaryto store employee information. - The
__init__method is a constructor that initializes these attributes when a new employee object is created. - The
display_detailsmethod prints the employee’s ID, name, and salary to the console.
2. Manager Class
class Manager(Employee):
"""
The Manager class represents managers in the organization.
Inherits from the Employee class.
"""
def __init__(self, id, name, salary, department):
"""
Constructor to initialize manager attributes.
"""
super().__init__(id, name, salary)
self.department = department # Department managed by the manager
def display_details(self):
"""
Method to display manager details.
"""
super().display_details()
print("Department:", self.department)
Explanation:
- The
Managerclass represents managers in the organization and inherits from theEmployeeclass. - It adds an additional attribute
departmentto store the department managed by the manager. - The
__init__method initializes all attributes, including those inherited from theEmployeeclass. - The
display_detailsmethod overrides the method in the superclass to include the department information when displaying manager details.
3. Department Class
class Department:
"""
The Department class represents departments in the organization.
"""
def __init__(self, name):
"""
Constructor to initialize department attributes.
"""
self.name = name # Name of the department
self.employees = [] # List to store employees in the department
def add_employee(self, employee):
"""
Method to add an employee to the department.
"""
self.employees.append(employee)
def display_details(self):
"""
Method to display department details.
"""
print("Department Name:", self.name)
print("Employees:")
for emp in self.employees:
emp.display_details()
Explanation:
- The
Departmentclass represents departments in the organization. - It contains attributes such as
nameto store the department name and a listemployeesto store employee objects in the department. - The
__init__method initializes the department name and creates an empty list of employees. - The
add_employeemethod adds an employee to the department’s list of employees. - The
display_detailsmethod prints the department name and the details of all employees in the department.
